CELIAC DISEASE
an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system reacts abnormally to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This reaction leads to inflammation and damage to the lining of the small intestine, which interferes with nutrient absorption.
It typically occurs in people who have certain genetic markers, particularly the HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 genes. The symptoms can vary widely and may include digestive issues like diarrhea, bloating, gas, and constipation, as well as fatigue, weight loss, anemia, and a distinctive itchy skin rash known as dermatitis herpetiformis. In children, it may cause delayed growth and puberty.
Diagnosis usually involves blood tests to detect specific antibodies (such as tTG-IgA) followed by a biopsy of the small intestine to confirm intestinal damage. The only effective treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet, which helps the intestine heal and prevents further complications.
If left untreated, celiac disease can lead to serious complications such as malnutrition, osteoporosis, infertility, neurological disorders, and even an increased risk of certain intestinal cancers. However, with early diagnosis and proper dietary management, individuals with celiac disease can live healthy and symptom-free lives.