Imagine this, you’re sitting in your home with your family having breakfast and chatting with them going through your day as you usually do and all of a sudden your grandfather’s face starts sagging and he is talking funny. The worst has happened. He has had a stroke. What do you do next?
A stroke occurs when blood flow to a portion of the brain is blocked, and brain cells die within a matter of minutes. The sooner treatment is started, the better the outcome and less long-term damage. Early recognition of a stroke and quick action can literally be a lifesaver.
- Identify the Signs — Think FAST
The fastest method for detecting a potential stroke is the FAST test:
- F – Face: Have them smile. Is one side sagging?
- A – Arm: Have them extend both arms. Does one fall towards the ground?
- S – Speech: Is their speech muddled or unusual?
- T – Time: Call emergency services right away if any of these symptoms show.
Other warning signs include numbness, confusion, changes in vision, loss of balance, or a very bad headache.
2. Call for Help Immediately
Don’t wait to “see if it gets better.” Lost time is lost brain. Call your local emergency number (such as 108 in India) immediately and tell them you think the person has a stroke. The ambulance staff can begin early evaluation and transport the individual to a stroke-capable hospital.
3. Make the Person Safe and Comfortable
- Put them on their side with the head slightly raised to facilitate breathing.
- Loosen clothing that is tight.
- Maintain a clear airway—if they are going to vomit, roll their head to one side slowly.
- Don’t give food, fluid, or medicine (they will choke).
- If they lose consciousness but are breathing, continue observing their pulse and breathing.
4. Record the time of onset
If at all possible, note the precise time when symptoms started (or last seen well). Physicians require this information in order to determine whether such treatments as clot-busting medications (tPA) may be administered safely—these work only if administered within a few hours of the onset of symptoms.
5. Remain calm but act quickly
Reassure the individual and don’t make unnecessary movements. Panic can elevate blood pressure and make the situation worse. Have vital information at hand—ID, medical background, and any medications they take—so you can provide it to the hospital staff.
6. Avoid Common Mistakes
- Don’t administer aspirin or any medication unless instructed by a physician (it can exacerbate bleeding strokes).
- Don’t have them drive themselves to the hospital.
- Don’t hesitate—each minute is precious.
7. Prevention Is Power
Following the emergency, talk to a healthcare professional about the following preventive measures: managing blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol; giving up smoking; consuming a good diet; exercising regularly; and follow-up check-ups.
In Summary
Stroke is a medical emergency—the earlier, the better. Remember: Recognize FAST, Call Fast, Treat Fast. Prompt action can be the difference between complete recovery and lifetime disability.
MBH/PS
