What is Down syndrome??

Pharmacy
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Down syndrome (also called Trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. Normally, a person has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), but in Down syndrome, there are 47 chromosomes due to the extra chromosome 21.

:dna:

Causes

  • Nondisjunction: Most common cause; during cell division, chromosome 21 fails to separate properly.

  • Translocation: A piece of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome.

  • Mosaicism: Some cells have an extra chromosome 21, while others are normal.

:baby:

Common Features

  • Flat facial profile

  • Upward slanting eyes

  • Small ears and mouth

  • Short neck

  • Poor muscle tone (hypotonia)

  • Short stature

MBH/AB

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Very informative article!

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Very clear and informative!

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Few Dental anomalies in Down’s syndrome

  • Variations in tooth number and size including missing teeth (hypodontia), small teeth (microdontia), large teeth (macrodontia), extra teeth (supernumerary), peg-shaped teeth, and taurodontism (enlarged pulp chambers).

  • Delayed eruption and abnormal tooth eruption patterns.

  • Dental enamel defects such as hypoplasia and hypocalcification.

  • Malocclusion and bite problems.

  • Oral features like macroglossia (large tongue), fissured tongue, and narrow high-arched palate.

These anomalies are more frequent in Down syndrome requiring special dental care

5

A great reminder of how a small chromosomal change can have such significant developmental impacts. Well written!

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Informative

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