This condition involves involuntary movement of eye balls which can be- side to side, up and down or even circular. The cause can be congenital or acquired.
Congenital nystagmus- The genes causing this eye disease are SLC38A8 and PAX6 while the X-linked infantile nystagmus is associated with gene FMRD7. The genes associated with ocular albinism is GRP143 can also be a cause in certain cases. Nystagmus is common in albinos as reduced melanin might affect normal eye development.
Acquired nystagmus- In case of acquired nystagmus, it is generally a symptom of some other underlying condition like inner ear disorders, eye disorders, stroke, head trauma, Nutitional deficiencies, toxicity, and drug abuse.
In individuals suffering from nystagmus the co- ordination between brain, vestibular system and eyes is disrupted causing the peculiar eye ball movements.
Nystagmus prevalence according to American academy of ophthalmology 24 per 10000 individuals.
Treatment- some types of congenital nystagmus like Spasmus Nutans syndrome may resolve with age while infantile nystagmus is permanent. Although there is no cure for this condition, symptoms can be managed using lenses, glasses, prisms, medication and surgery to improve quality of life. Treatment for acquired nystagmus depends upon the cause therefore neurologist, ophthalmologist or even ENT doctor may decide treatment accordingly.
MBH/PS