Every now and then, we come across news of a youngster ending their life. When the cause is investigated, it is often related to mental health issues.
But can mental health alone make a person end their life?
A recent review on, "Understanding the Emergence of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Adolescence from a Brain and Behavioral Developmental Perspective" (Neuropsychopharmacology, July 2025), suggests that suicide is far more complex than a single diagnosis.
The review explains that suicide or spectrum of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in youngsters is not merely a condition but a association of several factors coming together at once. Especially the growth phase of “adolescence”—a period of rapid physical, emotional, and brain development where young people may struggle to regulate emotions and cope with overwhelming stress.
The authors highlight the fact that during this particular phase, the emotional centres of the brain develop earlier than the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for planning, impulse control, and decision-making. Consequently, there is collision of thoughts and emotions leading to impulsivity during periods of intense emotional distress, often termed "negative urgency," which is a significant risk.
Most importantly, the review emphasizes that suicide is not explained by mental illness alone. It results from the interaction of multiple factors, including emotional regulation, impulse control, identity formation, and social relationships. Some quick immature decisions come out as a result of losing one’s cognitive ability to think and analyse. One such outrageous quick decision is “suicide” or spectrum of suicidal thoughts and behaviours.
Most of the time, it’s not that they can’t find people to share how they feel, but with an apprehension of sharing in the first place. Perhaps it’s time we stop asking, “What mental illness did they have?” and start asking, “What pain were they carrying that no one noticed?”
This is a singular perspective on understanding adolescents. What support do you think, is essential in such situations?
MBH/PS