Hazardous waste handling involves the safe collection, treatment, storage, transport, and disposal of materials that are harmful to human health and the environment. Key practices include using leak-proof, original containers (or suitable substitutes), proper labeling, segregation of incompatible wastes, secure storage in well-ventilated and protected areas, and using regulated disposal methods like incineration or specialized landfills.
Handling and storage
1. Containers: Use leak-proof containers that are compatible with the waste and keep them in good condition. If a container is leaking, transfer the waste to a new, suitable container, but never use food or drink bottles.
2. Labeling: Ensure all original labels, including warning labels, are intact. Do not use unmarked containers.
3. Segregation: Store incompatible wastes separately to prevent dangerous reactions. Use physical barriers like dikes or walls, or store them in different areas.
4. Storage Area: Store containers upright and tightly sealed in a cool, dry, and secure area away from ignition sources. The floor should be impermeable, such as concrete or asphalt. For ignitable waste, storage must be at least 50 feet from the property line.
5. Access: Maintain clear aisles to allow for easy access to containers during an emergency.
6. Home use: Buy the smallest amount of hazardous products you need and keep them out of reach of children.
Treatment and disposal
1. Treatment: Hazardous waste can be treated using chemical, thermal, biological, or physical methods to neutralize or destroy it. Thermal methods, like incineration, can destroy organic wastes but may produce air pollution if not done with specialized equipment.
2. Disposal: Final disposal typically occurs in government-regulated hazardous waste landfills or permanent disposal facilities.
Transportation
Methods: Hazardous waste is most commonly transported by truck, with smaller amounts moved by rail.
Containers: It can be shipped in specialized tank trucks or 200-liter (55-gallon) drums, with specifications and standards included in government regulations.
General safety and compliance
Training: Personnel handling hazardous waste should receive proper training.
Regulations: Governments closely regulate hazardous waste management to prevent harm and contamination of land, air, and water.
Waste Determination: Properly identify waste to determine if it is hazardous and requires special handling.