Powassan is a rare viral infection spread through tick bite. Since reported cases have been rising in the recent years, it’s essential to be aware about this disease. Most cases occur in specific regions of the United States where ticks are most active.
How it spreads?
The disease is spread by three types of ticks: groundhog tick, squirrel tick and blacklegged or deer ticks. The virus doesn’t spread from person to person.
Symptoms
- Initial symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and weakness
- Viral infection of the brain and central nervous system leads to severe complications such as encephalitis (brain swelling) and meningitis
- Severe symptoms include confusion, seizures, difficulty speaking and loss of coordination
Treatment
There aren’t any anti-viral medications or vaccines for Powassan. Rest, rehydration with fluids and over-the-counter pain medications are recommended for relieving symptoms. Hospitalization is required for patients with severe symptoms to receive support for breathing or reducing swelling in the brain.
Final note
Although Powassan is a rare infection, its progression can lead to life-threatening complications. Clinicians should pay close attention to patients presenting with encephalitis who have a known or suspected history of tick bites. The development of vaccine would help mitigate the impact of Powassan on a wider scale.
Source: About Powassan Virus | Powassan Virus | CDC
- Accelerating vaccine research
- Clinician training and early diagnosis
- Environmental management to control disease vectors
- Raising public awareness
What do you think is the biggest challenge in managing rare vector-borne diseases? Share your thoughts below.
MBH/PS