Are We Overusing PPIs?

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) were introduced in the 1980s for the management of acid-related gastric issues, including gastric ulcers, colitis, etc. Despite their proven efficacy and safety, increased use provides enough information that the overprescription of the drug without a necessary indication might cause a few adverse reactions.

While PPIs are generally safe, long-term use has been associated with increased risks of Clostridioides difficile infection, nutrient deficiencies (B12, magnesium, iron), fractures, acute interstitial nephritis, and possibly chronic kidney disease. Although the absolute risk to individuals is low, widespread prolonged use may have important population-level consequences. PPIs alter gastric pH and influence cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2C19. Concerns have centred around interactions with clopidogrel, antiretrovirals, dabigatran, mycophenolic mofetil, and methotrexate. While clinically significant harm is uncommon, caution remains advisable, particularly in patients with complex polypharmacy.

Strategies to Reduce Inappropriate Use

  • Clear documentation of indication and intended duration

  • Regular review of long-term therapy

  • Use of the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration

  • Patient education regarding rebound acid hypersecretion

  • Consideration of step-down therapy

  • Restricting prophylactic use to high-risk patients.

PPIs remain valuable medications but should be prescribed at the lowest effective dose, for the shortest necessary duration, with regular review and consideration of deprescribing when appropriate.

For further read do refer: Time to halt the overprescribing of proton pump inhibitors - The Pharmaceutical Journal

MBH/AB

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“Very relevant point. PPIs are highly effective, but they’re often continued longer than needed. Regular review, clear indications, and deprescribing where appropriate are essential to balance benefits with long-term risks.”

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Yes, PPIs are effective but they are often used longer and more widely than needed. While individual risk is low, unnecessary long-term use can add up to real harm. The key isn’t stopping PPIs, but prescribing them thoughtfully: clear indications, short durations, regular review, and stepping down when possible.

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Great article! This tells us how PPIs should be prescribed at low effective dose, for short durations and regularly reviewed.

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Some ppl don’t address the root cause of acidity, lifestyle modifications can really help instead of overusing PPIs’

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yes very true!

The habit of self medication should stop. Just like paracetamol, PPI’s also get consumed unnecessarily

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Well articulated post! PPIs are used to treat peptic ulcers and frequent heartburn. They are among the most commonly used medications by the general population and are often sold as OTC drugs. Many people use these medications routinely without a prescription and may not be aware of the potential side effects. It is best to take them in smaller doses under a doctor’s supervision and for a shorter period of time.

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useful

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This is summarised very well!

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A very relevant reminder that even commonly prescribed PPIs need periodic review and clear indications. Rational prescribing with the lowest effective dose and proper deprescribing strategies can prevent unnecessary long-term risks.

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Yes,true!

Exactly, and we as the medical healthcare workers need to educate patients on such topics.

While PPIs are essential for acute issues, they shouldn’t be a ‘forever’ fix. Long-term use disrupts the absorption of B12, magnesium, and calcium, while also removing a key defense against pathogens.

The real hurdle is rebound acid, which makes quitting difficult. Instead of permanent symptom suppression, the goal should be restoring the natural digestive environment and tapering off the chemical ‘off’ switch.

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Yes very well explained.

very well explained. PPIs can definitely effective, but their overuse – especially long-term without proper indication- is something we really need to be cautious about.

We also have another issue where most meds are available otc in india and just one prescription from doctor makes the patient think re-taking the same would solve the issue each time rather than a follow-up. Often ignoring the fact that most drugs have side effect and long term used could cause dysfunction

Very well explained. PPI are most commonly used in Indian household without any proper prescription which can lead to overuse or adverse effects.

Correctly said, the ppi using in case of peptic ulcer condition might be need to take for longer time. Which is necessary but dependency on ppi that can be worson the git in my perspective.

Agreed. PPI are generally effective to use and provide relief in case of gastric ulcers, colitis, etc. But the administration of PPIs in long-term can cause difficulties and should be monitored appropriately to avoid severe consequences.