Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been linked to obesity in large part. Obesity causes or contributes to the development of many of the risk factors associated with CVD (hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance), and is considered one of the primary drivers of CVD.
Adipose tissue acts as an organ that secretes hormones (such as proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6) to cause inflammation, lead to endothelial dysfunction, and lead to atherosclerosis. The presence of visceral fat also leads to insulin resistance, which can increase the risk for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes – two of the strongest risk factors for developing CVD.
Abnormalities in lipid levels (increased triglycerides, decreased HDL, and small dense LDL) due to obesity and activation of the RAAS and sympathetic nervous system lead to the acceleration of hypertension, increased left ventricular hypertrophy, and therefore increased risk of developing heart failure. Other conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea increase the risk of CVD-related complications.
Treatment Options
Beyond just a lifestyle approach, treatment options are changing:
Mediterranean style diets and 150 or more minutes of activity per week are effective in improving cardiometabolic markers.
GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide and dual agonists like tirzepatide are effective for promoting weight loss and providing cardiovascular protection.
The SELECT trial showed a 20% reduction in MACE in patients with obesity and established CVD treated with semaglutide 2.4 mg.
Bariatric surgery continues to be the most effective long-term intervention for patients with severe obesity.
Do you think Obesity can be the only reason for Cardiovascular Disease
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