Semaglutide:
It is a synthetic peptide chain of 31 amino acids that mimics Glucagon- like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Thus, acts as a GLP-1 receptor agonist and was originally developed to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but is widely known for its weight loss effect.
Classification: GLP-1 Receptor Agonist / *Incretin Mimetic
* Incretin hormones are gut hormones and include GLP-1 and Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption:
- Subcutaneous injections (once a week)
- Oral tablets (once daily)
Distribution:
- High plasma protein binding (>99%), specifically albumin
Metabolism:
- By proteolytic cleavage of the peptide
- By ß- oxidation of fatty acid
Excretion:
- Through urine and feces
Mechanism of Action:
- GLP- 1 is a natural hormone that is released after taking meals and helps regulate blood sugar and appetite.
- Semaglutide works as an agonist and enhances the biological process as shown below.
Uses:
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Obesity and Overweight Management
- Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk in certain patients
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
What are the other drugs that are clinically used in obesity?
