A Fall. A Fracture. A Fading Mind - The Case of Anil

Meet Anil, a 66-year-old retired bank manager from Jaipur. Quiet, soft-spoken, the kind of man who always “doesn’t want to bother the doctor too much.” But over the past year, he’s been… slowing down.

It started with vague complaints—lower back pain after lifting groceries, fatigue, and occasional dizziness. His doctor chalked it up to aging and maybe a touch of vitamin D deficiency.

He was put on supplements and advised to walk more.

But then came the little things:

  • He broke a rib while sneezing.
  • A week later, he slipped in the bathroom and fractured his wrist.
  • “Maybe I’m just getting old,” he laughed it off.

Then nocturia crept in—he was waking up 2–3 times to urinate. Blood pressure fine. Sugar? Normal. Prostate? Mildly enlarged, but nothing surgical.

A few months later, his wife noticed he was forgetting things more. “He asked me what day it was three times this morning,” she says.

Now he’s losing weight—5 kg in 4 months.

You see him and decide to check some labs:


Test Results:

  • Hb: 8.1 g/dL
  • MCV: Normal
  • WBC, Platelets: Normal
  • ESR: Severely Elevated
  • Serum Creatinine: 2.2 mg/dL
  • Calcium: 11.2 mg/dL
  • Urine dipstick: Trace protein
  • Fasting Glucose: Normal

Something’s not adding up. He’s an otherwise healthy man, no diabetes, no hypertension, no NSAID use, yet has renal dysfunction, mild anemia, hypercalcemia, and fragility fractures

What’s going on here? Is this just old age—or something more sinister lurking beneath?

Want to solve it? Ask for specific investigations, history, or imaging and I’ll reply. Let’s test your diagnostic radar.

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Anil’s presentation strongly suggests Multiple Myeloma, a plasma cell malignancy. His fragility fractures, hypercalcemia, normocytic anemia, elevated ESR, renal dysfunction, and trace proteinuria fit the classic CRAB criteria (Calcium elevation, Renal impairment, Anemia, Bone lesions). The gradual cognitive decline and weight loss further support a systemic process. Though initially subtle, his progression from mild symptoms to organ dysfunction points to an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia, warranting confirmation through SPEP, UPEP, free light chains, and bone marrow biopsy.

Is it correct?

Yes, it points towards Multiple Myeloma.

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Yes, absolutely correct. Can you tell me why Dipstick shows only trace proteinuria?

Reason:

  1. Dipstick detects albumin, not light chains.
  2. In multiple myeloma, urine protein is mostly Bence Jones proteins (light chains).
    These are not picked up well by the dipstick, so it shows only trace or no protein despite significant proteinuria.

To confirm we need:
Urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP)

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  1. Multiple Myeloma → Fragility fractures, Anemia, Hypercalcemia, Renal dysfunction, Elevated ESR

Further tests :- Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), bone marrow biopsy can be done

“OR”

  1. Metastatic Bone Disease (from another cancer metastasis) → Bone pain, fractures, hypercalcemia, anemia, weight loss.

Further tests :- PSA, CEA, x ray, CT, bone scan.

Nice differential. Hadn’t crossed my mind while designing the question.

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